El alivio natural: Sauzgatillo (Vitex agnus-castus) para el síndrome premenstrual y la dismenorrea / The natural relief: Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) for premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea

El síndrome premenstrual es un trastorno común en mujeres en edad reproductiva y se caracteriza por al menos un síntoma físico, emocional o conductual, que aparece en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual y se resuelve poco después del inicio de la menstruación. Los tratamientos convencionales para el dolor perimenstrual cíclico tienen inconvenientes que incluyen efectos secundarios, interferencia con la función reproductiva de las mujeres o escasa efectividad en el alivio de los síntomas. Muchas mujeres recurren a terapias naturales para tratar una gran variedad de síntomas menstruales. Esta revisión se centra en una de esas opciones naturales, el Sauzgatillo (Vitex agnus-castus). Se realizó una búsqueda e identificación de artículos publicados hasta mayo de 2022 recopilados por medio de sistemas de búsqueda electrónicos como Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed y Scopus. Las palabras de búsqueda fueron: “Premenstrual syndrome”, “dysmenorrhea” AND “Vitex agnus-castus”. Los estudios preclínicos señalan un mecanismo de acción en su implicación sobre el sistema serotoninérgico, así como su unión a los receptores de dopamina. Los estudios clínicos demuestran la seguridad y el efecto positivo sobre el síndrome premenstrual y la dismenorrea.

Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder in women of reproductive age and is characterized by at least one physical, emotional, or behavioral symptom, which appears in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolves shortly after the onset of menstruation. Conventional treatments for cyclical perimenstrual pain have drawbacks that include side effects, interference with womens reproductive function, or limited effectiveness in relieving symptoms. Many women turn to natural therapies to treat a wide variety of menstrual symptoms. This review focuses on one of those natural options, Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus). The information available until May 2022 was collected via the library and electronic search systems such as Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus. The search words were: “Premenstrual syndrome”, “dysmenorrhea” AND “Vitex agnus-castus”. Preclinical studies point to a mechanism of action in its involvement in the serotoninergic system, as well as its binding to dopamine receptors. Clinical studies prove safety and positive effect on premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

Efficacy of Curcumin on Cognitive Function Scores in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea: A Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy of a curcumin supplementation on cognitive abilities in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea.@*METHODS@#A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. A total of 124 women who had both PMS and dysmenorrhea were enrolled, and were equally and randomly assigned to the curcumin group or placebo group, 62 cases in each. Each subject received either a capsule containing 500 mg of curcuminoid, or a placebo daily, for 10 days (7 days before and until 3 days after the onset of menstrual bleeding) over 3 menstrual cycles. The cognitive abilities questionnaire was used to measures cognitive functions in 7 specific areas. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial in both groups.@*RESULTS@#Administration of curcumin was associated with a significant increase in memory score (P=0.002), inhibitory control and selective attention (P=0.020), and total cognitive ability task (P=0.024). In addition, significant increments were found in scores of memory (3.5±3.1 vs. 0.4±3.8 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively; P=0.035), inhibitory control and selective attention (3.0±3.7 vs. 0.4±3.7; P=0.027) and total cognitive abilities (8.3±12.3 vs. 2.2±12.4; P=0.025) in the curcumin group versus placebo groups. Curcumin was safe and well-tolerable in current clinical trial.@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin has a beneficial efficacy on cognitive function scores in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea, with improvements in memory, inhibitory control and selective attention. (Registration No. IRCT20191112045424N1, available at: https://www.irct.ir ).

Quality of life and symptom severity in premenstrual syndrome: a quasi-experimental study

OBJECTIVE: The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling on quality of life and symptom severity among university students with Premenstrual Syndrome. METHOD: After filling in PSST and participating in SCID-CV, 120 students answered the demographic and WHOQOL questionnaires. Using classified random sampling, they were divided into control and intervention groups. The Intervention Group participants attended six group counseling ses-sions. They post-tested at two moments (immediate post-test and after one month). RESULTS: The results of the immediate post-test indicated improvements in overall quality and in some domains (p<0.005) in the Intervention Group, and the second post-test showed an improvement in two of the domains (p<0.005). One month later, some symptoms were clearly improved in the Intervention Group (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Group counseling improved the students' quality of life and severity of the Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms.

Fatores associados à síndrome pré-menstrual e ao transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual em estudantes da área de saúde / Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome and dysphoric disorder in health students

O estudo avaliou a frequência da síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) e do transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM) e fatores associados entre estudantes de cursos da área de saúde em uma universidade no Recife, Brasil. Realizou-se um corte transversal envolvendo 649 estudantes entre 18 e 47 anos, no período de setembro/2016 a março/2017. As estudantes que aceitaram participar do estudo e assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido responderam a um questionário autoaplicável com dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida e antecedentes ginecológicos, bem como questões relacionadas aos critérios diagnósticos de SPM/TDPM. A maioria das estudantes tinha entre 18 e 24 anos (83,2%), era solteira (92,1%), morava com os pais (77,0%) e não trabalhava (84,4%). A frequência de SPM simples foi de 23,3% e da TDPM, de 26,7%. Os sinais e sintomas físicos foram os mais frequentes (84,1%) entre as estudantes com SPM. As 173 estudantes com TDPM relataram como sintomas mais frequentes a irritabilidade (89,6%) e a ansiedade (87,3%) acentuadas. O teste de qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparar as proporções entre os fatores associados à SPM e ao TDPM, considerando p < 0,05. Os fatores de risco que tiveram associação estatística com a ocorrência de SPM/TDPM foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 (p = 0,01) e irregularidade dos ciclos (p = 0,04).(AU)

This study evaluated the frequency of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and associated factors among university students in health courses in Recife, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 649 students aged 18 to 47 years between September 2016 and March 2017. Students who agreed to participate in the study and signed a free informed consent form, was invited to answer a self-administered questionnaire with socio-demographic data, lifestyle and gynecological history, as well as issues related to the diagnostic criteria of PMS/PMDD. Most students were between 18 and 24 years old (83.2%), single (92.1%), living with parents (77.0%) and did not have a job (84.4%). The frequency of simple PMS was 23.3% and PMDD was 26.7%. Physical signs and symptoms were the most frequent (84.1%) among students with PMS. The 173 students with PMDD reported more frequent symptoms of irritability (89.6%) and anxiety (87.3%). The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of the factors associated with PMS and PMDD, considering p < 0.05. BMI < 25 (p = 0.01) and cycle irregularity (p = 0.04) were the factors who had a statistically significant association with the occurrence of PMS/PMDD.(AU)

Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Premenstrual Syndrome Prevalence Based on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems in Korean Young Adult Women / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This descriptive study aimed to identify the menstrual cycle characteristics and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) prevalence in Korean young adult women using the retrospective and prospective Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP).METHODS: In the first stage, participants included 151 nursing students studying in a university located in Seoul. Data were collected from April 20 to June 2, 2017, using the questionnaire on menstrual characteristics, pictorial blood assessment chart, and retrospective DRSP. In the second stage, participants included 17 students with PMS, based on the screening conducted in the first stage. Data were collected using the prospective DRSP from May 29 to 2 September 2, 2017.RESULTS: Of the study sample, 104 participants (68.9%) had regular periods. Those with regular periods had 11.97 periods annually with a menstrual cycle of 29.38 days and a period duration of 5.72 days. Fifty-five participants (37.4%) showed menorrhagia. Sixty-four participants (42.4%) were found to have PMS based on their retrospective DRSP. When the ratio of women (52.9%) with PMS shown in the prospective DRSP was used as a positive predictive value, the estimated PMS prevalence was 22.4%.CONCLUSION: This study provides clinically significant PMS prevalence among Korean young adult women, positive predictive value of the retrospective DRSP, and valid data to basically understand the menstrual cycle characteristics experienced by these women.

Prevalência da tensão pré-menstrual entre universitárias / Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among university students

Introdução: Na fase reprodutiva das mulheres surgem sintomas relacionados ao ciclo menstrual. A Tensão Pré-Menstrual (TPM) é a junção de perturbações que aparecem antes da menstruação mensal e que afetam bastante a vida da mulher. Objetivo: Quantificar a prevalência da TPM entre universitárias. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal, realizado com 152 universitárias em agosto de 2017. Foram aplicados dois questionários: um para o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico e o Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ) que é uma escala para avaliar os sintomas menstruais. Foi realizada uma análise estatística descritiva e analítica, e todas as conclusões foram realizadas com o p-valor de 0,05. Resultados: A prevalência da TPM na amostra foi de 87,5%. 94,1% das mulheres encontravam-se na faixa etária de 18 a 26 anos. Ao analisar a história reprodutiva não foi observada nenhuma associação com a TPM. Os sintomas mais prevalentes no estudo foram: estresse, tensão, dores, irritabilidade e mudanças de humor. Por fim, quando associamos o MSQ com a presença da TPM foi observada uma associação em todos os itens pesquisados. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos, observou-se uma alta prevalência da TPM entre universitárias. (AU)

Introduction: On reproductive phase of women appear symptoms related to menstrual cycle. Premenstrual tension (PMT) is the junction of disturbances that appear before the monthly menstruation and affecting the woman's life. Objective: To quantify the prevalence of PMS among university students. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted with 152 students in August 2017. We applied two questionnaires: one for the knowledge of the epidemiological profile and the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ), to assess the menstrual symptoms. A descriptive statistical analysis and analytical was conducted, and all findings were carried out with p-value of 0.05. Results: The prevalence of PMT in the sample was 87.5%. 94.1% of the women were 18 to 26 years old. When analyzing the reproductive story was not observed any association with PMT. The most prevalent symptoms in the study were: stress, tension, pain, irritability and mood swings. Finally, when we combine the MSQ with the presence of PMS we observed an association in all items surveyed. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, we observed a high prevalence of PMT among university students. (AU)

Quality of life among university students with premenstrual syndrome / Qualidade de vida entre estudantes universitárias com síndrome pré-mesntrual

Abstract Objective To evaluate the quality of life among university students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, in Recife, Brazil, between August 2016 and July 2017. Sociodemographic, gynecological, and lifestyle variables, and PMS occurrence, were investigated among 642 students. The short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL Bref) questionnaire was used to evaluate four domains of the quality of life of the students: physical, mental, social relationships, and environmental. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' criteria were used to define PMS. Results Of the 642 students, 49.9% had PMS, 23.3% had mild PMS and 26.6% had premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Most of the students were between 18 and 24 years old, had regular menstrual cycles, and practiced physical activity. Regarding the physical and mental domains of the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire, a statisticallysignificant difference was observed between the students who did not have and those who had mild or PMDD (p < 0.001). A difference was also found between the students who did not have PMS and those who had mild PMS in the social relationships (p = 0.001) and environmental domains (p = 0.009). Conclusion Mild PMS and PMDD are prevalent among university students on healthrelated courses, and the syndrome can affect the students' self-assessment of all the domains of quality of life.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida entre estudantes universitárias com síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM). Métodos Foi realizadoum estudo transversal na Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, em Recife, no período de agosto de 2016 a julho de 2017. Foram investigadas variáveis sociodemográficas, ginecológicas, estilo de vida e a ocorrência de SPM entre 642 estudantes. Foi utilizada a forma abreviada do questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL Bref, na sigla em inglês) para avaliar quatro domínios da qualidade de vida: físico, mental, social e meio ambiente. Para a definição de SPM, foramconsiderados os critérios do Colégio Americano de Obstetras e Ginecologistas. Resultados Das 642 estudantes, 49,9% apresentaram SPM, sendo 23,3% SPM na forma leve e 26,6%, transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM). A maioria das estudantes tinha entre 18 e 24 anos de idade, possuia ciclosmenstruais regulares e praticava atividade física. Em relação aos domínios físico e mental do WHOQOL-Bref, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre as estudantes que não apresentavam SPM e as que apresentavam SPM, tanto a forma leve quanto o TDPM (p < 0,001). Também foi encontrada diferença no domínio "relações sociais" e "meio ambiente" entre aquelas que não tiveramTPMe as que tiveramTPMleve (p = 0,001 e p = 0,009, respectivamente). Conclusão A SPM leve e o TDPM têm alta prevalencia entre estudantes universitárias da área de saúde e pode influenciar a autoavaliação das estudantes em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida.

Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Oil in Management of Female Ailments

Oenothera biennis with the common name of “evening primrose” is containing a valuable fixed oil with commercial name of EPO. Evening primrose oil has two types of omega-6-fatty acid including linoleic acid (60%–80%) and γ-linoleic acid (8%–14%). Essential fatty acids are considered as essential compounds for body health, especially among women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of evening primrose oil in the management of women ailments. The document was prepared by investigation in scientific articles of electronic resources (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Scopus, and Springer) by keywords of evening primrose oil and women. The results of our investigations showed that evening primrose oil has been the subject of several clinical studies, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), hot flash, mastalgia, fibroadenomas, gestational diabetes, cervical ripening, and dilation. The major clinical studies are focused on mastalgia, followed by PMS. The results of studies confirmed the evening primrose oil's efficacy in women health, but the immediate response should not be expected from it, therefore, it should be regularly used up to 4 or 6 months.

Foeniculum vulgare as Valuable Plant in Management of Women's Health

This review paper evaluates use of Foeniculum vulgare extracts as a popular female plant in management of different ailments of women. Information in this paper was gathered from accessible sources (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google), and traditional books (Persian or English modern traditional books), unpublished data (R&D reports, thesis and dissertation) by keywords based on the words F. vulgare or fennel and women. Efficacy of oral fennel oil in management of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, amenorrhea, menopause, lactation, and polycystic ovary syndrome were confirmed according to results of clinical studies. Results of clinical efficacy of fennel oil on menstrual bleeding is complicated, but results of one meta-analysis study revealed that fennel oil significantly increased means of bleeding in the first menstrual periodic cycle (P = 0.001), while fennel oil had no significant effect on bleeding in the second menstrual cycle (P = 0.67). Topical and vaginal fennel extract (5%) exhibited good efficacy in treatment of sexual function, vaginal atrophy, and hirsutism. Fennel had no effect on bone density, or body mass index of menopause women. Results of clinical studies introduce fennel as a valuable medicinal plant in management of women's ailments, but understanding the mechanism of action could be the subject of future studies.

A systematic review of the role of vitamin D and calcium in premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder that affects millions of women of reproductive age worldwide. In recent years, there has been a focus on finding accessible, acceptable, and cost-effective therapeutic approaches with minimal side effects to treat the symptoms of PMS. This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of calcium and vitamin D in Premenstrual syndrome. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant articles from clinical trial, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used to assess the quality of the selected papers. A total of 28 eligible high-quality papers were reviewed. Low serum levels of calcium and vitamin D during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were found to cause or exacerbate the symptoms of PMS. Therefore, the administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements or the use of a diet rich in these two substances can restore serum levels and eliminate or reduce the symptoms of PMS. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended as an inexpensive, low-risk, acceptable, and accessible approach to eliminate or reduce the symptoms of PMS.

Effects of Sleep Pattern, Stress, Menstrual Attitude, and Behavior That Reduces Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The study aimed to examine the effects of sleep pattern, stress, and attitude towards menstruation, and behavior that causes a reduction in exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the course of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in female adolescents.METHOD: In total, 200 girls attending middle school in K city were recruited via convenience sampling between December 11 and 31, 2018, and 192 subjects were selected for the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.RESULTS: Overall, 9 (4.7%), 152 (79.2%), and 31 (16.1%) students had morning-, intermediate-, and evening-type sleep pattern, respectively. The mean scores for school-related stress were highest. Scores for stress regarding relationships with friends were the lowest. The mean score for attitudes toward menstruation was 72.33 out of 147. The mean score for behavior that led to a reduction in EDCs exposure was 56.57 out of 85. The mean scores for PMS severity were 25.30 and 38.39 out of 60. Analysis of factors affecting PMS revealed that severity of menstrual pain (β=.28), use of analgesics during menstruation (β=.17), family history of PMS (β=−.16), stress (β=.19), and behavior that reduces EDCs exposure (β=−.17) exerted significant effects on PMS. The explanatory power of these variables was 37%.CONCLUSION: The findings propose the necessity of a health intervention program including educational information, which can reduce PMS in adolescents, induce the behaviors which can decrease exposure to EDCs, and activities for managing the stress levels.

Lidando com um fenômeno natural e que ficará para sempre: a menstruação e suas influências na vida da mulher / Dealing with a natural phenomenon that will remain forever: menstruation and its influences in the life of women

A menstruação, biologicamente e de acordo com a visão médica, é definida como a eliminação de sangue e tecido superficial do endométrio após a prévia involução, em consequência à queda das concentrações séricas de estrogênios e progesterona ao final do ciclo ovariano. Porém, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) tem procurado desestimular este conceito mecanicista, buscando afirmar que o ato de menstruar também envolve variáveis psicológicas, sociais e culturais. Foram definidos os seguintes objetivos: Descrever as relações de influência da menstruação na vida de mulheres, segundo sua própria percepção e Analisar a relação de mulheres com a menstruação à luz do interacionismo simbólico. O estudo proposto é descritivo, qualitativo e visa a explorar diferentes aspectos das experiências de vida das participantes. Optou-se por abordagem qualitativa, baseada nos pressupostos da Grounded Theory, por oferecer elementos para a discussão e análise dos dados de modo comparativo constante dos resultados, e do interacionismo simbólico, que possibilita que a pesquisa qualitativa atinja o objetivo de pesquisar o sentido que os indivíduos propõem aos objetos, pessoas e símbolos com os quais interagem no meio social. Dos resultados evidenciados, foram geradas quatro categorias: "A chegada de algo inesperado e desconhecido que ficará para sempre...", "A influência dos outros na vivência/experiência da menstruação", "O conhecimento do corpo e a relação consigo mesma e com o mundo à sua volta" e "Reconhecendo e lidando com as influências na vida". Observou-se que as mulheres, ao lidarem com o fenômeno da menstruação, mesmo esta sendo algo natural, vivenciam-na diferentemente, sendo o seu meio social e sua cultura grandes influenciadores do processo, além de o próprio evento ser um marco em sua vida, pois, muitas vezes, ocorre de modo inesperado, podendo gerar ações positivas ou negativas. O suporte social é outra estratégia bastante importante como apoio tanto para as adolescentes que vivenciam esse momento de transição para a fase adulta como para as mulheres adultas que consideram importante receber apoio de seus familiares, amigos, entre outros. A participação do enfermeiro pode tornar-se uma importante mediação junto a essa mulher, para auxiliá-la na busca de significados mais contundentes por meio de um cuidado mais integral, qualificado, fazendo com que a mulher tenha uma visão reflexiva sobre o ato de estar menstruada e sobre as influências da menstruação em sua vida, bem como um olhar para além de assumir naturalmente este evento, conformar-se ou não aceitar a menstruação. Ao ajudá-la a ressignificar esse fenômeno, trazendo para ela uma visão diferenciada, mostrando a menstruação como algo natural, possibilitando que a mulher assuma a menstruação como símbolo do feminino e instrumento de empoderamento, a enfermagem desenvolve ação importante do cuidado, atribuindo a esse cuidado cunho libertador. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciaram situações que merecem aprofundamento em estudos posteriores.

Menstruation, biologically and according to the medical view, is defined as the elimination of blood and superficial tissue of the endometrium after previous involution, as a result of the drop in serum concentrations of estrogens and progesterone at the end of the ovarian cycle. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has tried to discourage this mechanistic concept and sought to affirm that the act of menstruating also involves psychological, social and cultural variables. The following objectives were defined: Describe the relations of the influence of menstruation in the lives of women, according to their own perception and Analyze the relation of women with menstruation in the light of symbolic interactionism. The proposed study is descriptive, qualitative and aimed at exploring different aspects of the participants' life experiences. We chose a qualitative approach, based on the assumptions of the Grounded Theory, for it offers elements for the discussion and analysis of the data results in a constant comparative way, and of the Symbolic Interactionism, which enables the qualitative research to achieve the objective of researching the meaning that individuals propose to the objects, people and symbols with which they interact in the social environment. From the results, four categories were generated: "The arrival of something unexpected and unknown that will remain forever...", "The influence of others in living/experiencing menstruation", "The knowledge of the body and the relationship with herself and the world around her" and "Recognizing and dealing with the influences in life". It was observed that women, when dealing with the phenomenon of menstruation, although it is something natural, experience it differently, their social environment and culture being great influencers of this process, besides the event itself being a milestone in her life because it often occurs unexpectedly, and can generate positive or negative actions. Social support is another particularly important strategy as a support for both adolescents who experience this moment of transition to adulthood and for adult women who consider it important to receive support from their relatives, friends, among others. The participation of the nurse can become an important mediation with this woman to help her in the search for more significant meanings by means of a more integral, qualified care, causing the woman to have a reflexive vision about the act of being menstruated and about the influences of menstruation in her life, as well as having a look beyond just assuming this event naturally, conforming herself or not accepting the menstruation. By helping her to re-signify this phenomenon, bringing her a differentiated view, showing menstruation as something natural, enabling women to assume menstruation as a symbol of the feminine and an instrument of empowerment, nursing will be developing an important action of care with a liberating imprint. The results of the present study evidenced situations which deserve to be deepened in further studies.

The effect of diet and aerobic exercise on Premenstrual Syndrome: Randomized controlled trial / O efeito da dieta e do exercício aeróbio na Síndrome Pré-menstrual: ensaio controlado de modo aleatório

ABSTRACT Objective This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and diet in female students with Premenstrual Syndrome Scale who were studying at the public university. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a public university in 2018. The population of the study was composed of all female first graders (N=426). The female students were followed-up for two cycles, premenstrual syndrome scale was administered to the students and premenstrual syndrome was found in 43.8% (n=187). However, 106 female students were included in the study divided in three groups (diet, aerobic exercise, control). The diet and aerobic exercise were administered during the three months. Results There was no significant difference in premenstrual syndrome scale mean scores between the post-intervention groups. However, the mean premenstrual syndrome score of the diet and aerobic exercise groups decreased significantly after the intervention. There was a significant difference in visual analogue scale score between the groups after intervention. Besides the students in exercise and diet groups experienced less dysmenorrhea intensity than the control group. Conclusion It was found that diet and aerobic exercise were effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea intensity in female students with premenstrual syndrome.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo foi feito para determinar a efetividade do exercício aeróbico e dietéticos em alunos mulheres com Síndrome Pré-Menstrual que estudaram na universidade pública. Métodos Este estudo foi conduzido como um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado na universidade pública EM 2018. A população do estudo foi composta por todas as mulheres de primeiro ano (N=426). As mulheres foram monitoradas durante dois ciclos. A Escala de Síndrome Pré-Menstrual foi administrada nas alunas e, em 43,8%, foi encontrada a Síndrome Pré-Menstrual (n=187). O estudo incluiu 106 mulheres. O estudo foi realizado de forma aleatória e em três grupos (dieta, exercício aeróbico, controle). Dieta e exercícios aeróbicos foram administrados por três meses. Resultados Na intervenção subsequente não houve diferenças significativas nos escores médios da escala Síndrome Pré-Menstrual entre os grupos. No entanto, o escore médio do Síndrome Pré-Menstrual nos grupos de exercícios aeróbicos e dieta diminuiu significativamente após a intervenção. Houve diferença significativa no escore médio da escala visual analógica entre os grupos após a intervenção. Foi determinado que os estudantes dos grupos de exercício e dieta experimentaram menos intensidade de dismenorreia que o grupo do controle. Conclusão Determinou-se que a dieta e o exercício aeróbico eram eficazes em reduzir os sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual e a intensidade da dismenorreia em estudantes com síndrome pré-menstrual.

Trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM) / Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

El presente artículo trata el tema del síndrome premenstrual y su versión más grave e incapacitante: el trastorno disfórico premenstrual. Buscamos presentar los síntomas, causas y tratamientos. Resaltando la existencia de enfoques diversos. Algunos de los cuales sorprenden por su falta en efectividad, mientras que otros por lo bueno del pronóstico. Palabras claves: Trastorno Disfóricos Premenstrual, síndrome premenstrual.

This article is about premenstrual syndrome and its most serious and incapacitating version: premenstrual dysphoric disorder. We are searching for the symptoms, causes and treatments. Highlighting the existence of diverse approaches. Some of which surprise for their lack of effectiveness, while others for the good of the forecast

Relationship between premenstrual syndrome and basic personality traits: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although many studies have investigated premenstrual syndrome and related factors, there is still only a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and basic personality traits. This study was conducted to investigate the association between premenstrual syndrome and basic personality traits among university students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted in a city in western Turkey. METHODS: The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, the Basic Personality Traits Scale and a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics developed by the present researchers were applied to 490 female students at the College of Health Sciences of a state university. RESULTS: Premenstrual syndrome was more common among students living in rural areas (65.1%), students with chronic diseases (74.1%), students who suffered from menstrual cramps (61.1%), students who used cigarettes (72.1%) and students with alcohol intake (65.5%). In the final model of the logistic regression analysis, presence of pain during the menstrual period increased the risk of presence of PMS by a factor of 1.554 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.033-2.336; P = 0.034) and high scores on the total basic personality traits scale increased it by a factor of 1.016 (95% CI: 1.002-1.030; P = 0.029). The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was found to be higher among students who were less extrovert (P = 0.007) and less conscientious (P = 0.001); and among students with higher neuroticism (P = 0.000) and negative valance (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that personality may be associated with premenstrual syndrome.

Influencia de la Actividad Física en la Sintomatología del Síndrome Premenstrual en universitarias / Influence of Physical Activity on Symptoms of the Syndrome Premenstrual in college girls

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la actividad física en la sintomatología del síndrome premenstrual en un grupo de mujeres de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Concepción. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en 340 mujeres escogidas al azar de edades entre 18 a 27 años, estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Concepción. Se utilizaron instrumentos validados para población chilena, como los criterios para el diagnóstico del trastorno disfórico premenstrual DSM-IV-TR, la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) para la medición del dolor y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) para la intensidad de esta. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de encuestas autoadministradas y los resultados se analizaron mediante pruebas estadísticas. Resultados: Un 55,9% (n=190) presenta Síndrome premenstrual según los criterios utilizados. Los principales síntomas manifestados fueron: fatiga y falta de energía en un 64,7% (n=220), hipersensibilidad mamaria, cefalea e hinchazón en un 62,9% (n=214) y ansiedad, tensión, agobio y colapso en un 60,9% (n=207). Del total de encuestadas, el mayor porcentaje (42,6%) (n=145) realiza actividad física moderada. Al cruzar las variables de actividad física y la sintomatología del síndrome premenstrual se estableció que no existía relación entre ellas (valor p=0,605). Conclusiones: la actividad física no tiene influencia sobre la disminución de la sintomatología del síndrome premenstrual en la población estudiada.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Determine the influence of physical activity on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in females students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción Campus in 2014 Methods: A cross sectional study was applied to 340 randomly selected women aged between 18-27 years old belonging to the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Concepción. Data were obtained through self-administered surveys and the results were analyzed by the respective statistical techniques. Results: Of the sample (n = 340), 55.9% (n = 190) had premenstrual syndrome according to the canon used. The main symptoms manifested were fatigue and lack of energy in 64.7% (n = 220), breast tenderness, headache and swelling in 62.9% (n = 214) and anxiety, stress, overwhelm and collapse into a 60.9% (n = 207). Of the total of the participants, the highest percentage (42.6%) (n = 145) performs moderate physical activity. When the variables of physical activity and premenstrual syndrome were crossed, was established that it did not exist relationship between them (p value = 0.605). Conclusions: With the obtaining and analyzing of the results, it seems that physical activity does not have major influence on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in the population studied.

Premenstrual syndrome diagnosis: A comparative study between the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) and the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) / Diagnóstico de síndrome pré-menstrual: um estudo comparativo entre o relato diário da gravidade dos problemas (DRSP) e o instrumento de rastreamento de sintomas pré-menstruais (PSST)

Abstract Objective To validate the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) in relation to the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) diagnoses. Methods A cross-sectional study with 127 women (20 45 years) with PMS complaints. The women were evaluated in terms of weight, height and body mass index (BMI). After using the primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) questionnaire to exclude the diagnosis of depression, the PSST was completed and the women were instructed to fill out the DRSP for two consecutive menstrual cycles. The agreement between the two questionnaires was assessed by the Kappa (k) and the prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) values. Results Two-hundred and eighty-two women met the eligibility criteria and answered the PSST. The DRSP was completed for two cycles by 127 women. The percentages of women with PMS and PMDD diagnoses by the DRSP were 74.8% and 3.9% respectively; by PSST, the percentages were41.7% and 34.6% respectively. The number of patients considered "normal" (with symptoms below the threshold for the diagnosis of PMS) was similar in both questionnaires. There was no agreement (Kappa = 0.12) in the results of PMS/ PMDD diagnosis (the PABAK coefficient confirmed this result = 0.39). The PSST had a high sensitivity (79%) and a low specificity (33.3%) for PMS/PMDD diagnosis. Conclusion The PSST should be considered a diagnostic screening tool. Positive PMS/PMDD cases by PSST should be further evaluated by DRSP to confirm the diagnosis.

Resumo Objetivo Validar o instrumento de rastreamento de sintomas pré-menstruais (PSST) em relação ao relato diário da gravidade dos problemas (DRSP) para o diagnóstico de síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) e de transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM). Métodos Um estudo transversal com 127 mulheres entre 20 e 45 anos com queixas de SPM. As mulheres foram avaliadas quanto ao peso, à altura e ao índice de massa corporal (IMC). Depois de excluir o diagnóstico de depressão pelo questionário de avaliação de distúrbios mentais para atenção primária (PRIME-MD), o PSST foi respondido e as mulheres receberam orientações sobre como preencher o DRSP por dois meses. A concordância entre os dois questionários foi conduzida através do índice de Kapa (k) e pelo PABAK. Resultados Duzentos e oitenta e duas mulheres com critérios elegíveis responderam ao PSST. O DRSP foi preenchido por dois ciclos por 127 mulheres. As porcentagens de mulheres com diagnósticos de SPM e de TDPM pelo DRSP foram de 74,8% e 3,9%, respectivamente; pelo PSST, as porcentagens foram de 41,7% e 34,6%, respectivamente. O número de pacientes consideradas "normais" (com sintomas abaixo do necessário para o diagnóstico de SPM) foi similar nos dois questionários. Análises demonstraram não haver concordância entre ambos os instrumentos para os resultados diagnósticos de SPM e TDPM (Kappa = 0,12, coeficiente de PABAK = 0,39). Para o diagnóstico de SPM/TDPM, o PSST apresentou uma alta sensibilidade (79%) e baixa especificidade (33,3%). Conclusão O PSST é considerado uma ferramenta de triagem. Conclui-se que casos positivos de SPM/TDPM pelo PSST devem ser melhor investigados pelo DRSP para confirmar o diagnóstico.

The Effects of Major Health Issues and Job Stress on Presenteeism among Clinical Nurses / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of major health issues and job stress on presenteeism among clinical nurses. METHODS: The investigator conducted a survey on 226 clinical nurses at a general hospital in Seoul from March 3 to April 15, 2017, and analyzed their responses. RESULTS: The findings showed that job stress did not have a significant effect on the nurses' presenteeism. Fatigue (t=3.55,p < .001) impacted job loss, one of the subcategories of presenteeism, with an explanatory power of 12.1%. Premenstrual syndrome (t=-2.67,p=.008) and fatigue (t=-2.46,p=.015) affected perceived productivity with an explanatory power of 23.6%. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, the study highlighted the need for effective management programs to tackle fatigue and premenstrual syndrome among clinical nurses' major health issues in order to reduce their productivity loss.

Association among Premenstrual Syndrome, Eating Habits, and Depression in Female College Students / 우울ㆍ조울병

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the association among the identified conditions of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), eating habits, and depression and to identify risk factors of depression in female college students.METHODS: There were a total of 285 students who were recruited from universities in the Jeju area. All participants accepted to the study completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic variables, a Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, a Korean Eating Attitude Test-26 and a Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We noted that a total of 268 students who completed the questionnaires were analyzed, and the results were as follows.RESULTS: As we have seen, the prevalence of depression, PMS, and associated eating problems were 52.4%, 67.2%, and 10.2%, respectively. It was discovered that female students who have prolonged or irregular menstrual period had experienced significantly high levels of depression. The students with PMS or eating attitude problems were more likely to have depression than those without PMS or an eating attitude problem. Also the study identified that a prolonged menstrual period, irregular menstrual period, PMS, and eating problems were significant risk factors of depression among female college students.CONCLUSION: In summary, this study provides evidence of the significant relationships among premenstrual syndrome, eating attitude problems, and depression in female college students. Based on the results, professionals need to consider physiological and psychological symptoms of PMS and provide treatment for comorbid depression in female college students as individually recommended according to their associated issues in this regard.